Economic Interpretaion (C. A. Beard) :: essays research papers

Charles Beard's "Economic" Interpretation In 1913, Charles A. Beard (1913 [1935]) consolidated various scholarly views of the Constitution and, in the process, offered what became identified as "the" economic interpretation of the Constitution. Beard (pp. 16-18) argued that the formation of the Constitution was a conflict based upon competing economic interests - interests of both the proponents and opponents. In his view, the Federalists, the founders who supported a strong, centralized government and favored the Constitution during its drafting and ratification, were individuals whose primary economic interests were tied to personal property. They were mainly merchants, shippers, bankers, speculators, and private and public securities holders, according to Beard (pp. 31-51). The Anti-federalists, the opponents of the Constitution and supporters of a more decentralized government, were individuals whose primary economic interests were tied to real property. Beard (pp. 26-30) contended these opponents consisted pri marily of more isolated, less-commercial farmers, who often were also debtors, and northern manorial planters along the Hudson River. However, Beard (pp. 29-30) maintained that many southern slave owning planters, who held much of their wealth in personal property, had much in common with northern merchants and financiers, and should be included as supporters of the Constitution. Beard (pp. 31-51) claimed that support for his argument could be found in the economic conditions prevailing during the 1780s. As a result, he suggested that the primary beneficiaries under the Constitution would have been individuals with commercial and financial interests - particularly, those with public securities holdings who, according to Beard, had a clause included in the Constitution requiring the assumption of existing federal debt by the new national government. Commercial and financial interests also would benefit because of more certainty in the rules of commerce, trade, and credit markets under the Constitution.

Blast Furnace

Blast furnace is a continuous unit of shaft-type. The charging of burden is conducted from above, through the typical charging unit, which is the gas damper of the blast furnace. It is reduced rich iron ore (at present time resources of rich iron ore are preserved only in Australia and Brazil), sinter or pellets in the blast furnace. Sometimes granular pellets are used instead of crude ore.Blast furnace consists of five constructive elements: top cylindrical part is top throat, that is necessary for the charging and distribution of burden in furnace; the highest splayed conic part is shaft, where the heating process of materials and the reducing of iron from oxides pass; the widest cylindrical part is belly, in which the process of softening and melting of the reduced iron passes; tapering conic part is bosh, where a reducing gas – carbon monoxide is generated, the cylindrical part is hearth, that is used to accumulate liquid products of blast furnace method – cast iron and slag.And the top element is tuyere zone, where is the injection of combined blast into the furnace, and the lower element is blast-furnace bottom. There are tuyeres on the top of hearth – holes for supplying of heated to high temperature blast. Blast is compressed air, enriched with oxygen and hydrocarbon fuel. At the level of the tuyeres temperature rises to about 2000  ° C. As the distance upward the temperature drops, and it reaches 270  ° C in the top throat. Thus, different temperatures are set at different heights in the furnace, because of that different chemical processes of transition of ore into metal proceed. pic] Blast furnace in  Sestao, Spain. Coke burns off and generates carbon dioxide and large amount of heat at the top part of hearth, where oxygen supply is big enough. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] Carbon dioxide, leaving enriched oxygen zone, reacts with the coke and generates carbon monoxide is the main blast furnace method reducing agent. [pic][pic] [pic] Rising upward, carbon monoxide reacts with iron oxides, taking oxygen and reducing to less oxidized oxide: [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]Resulting from the reaction, the molten metal drips the hot coal down, becoming saturated with carbon, and results in alloy, that contains 2. 14 – 6. 67% of carbon. This alloy is called cast iron. Except carbon, it includes a small part of silicon and manganese. In the number of deciles of a percent sulfur and phosphorus, detrimental impurities, are included in the cast iron composition. Except cast iron, in the hearth slag is generated and accumulated, in which all detrimental impurities gather. Earlier slag was tapped through a slag notch.Now both iron and slag are tapped through the iron notch at the same time, so the contact of cast iron and slag increases while mixing and the part of sulfur cast iron transits in slag. Separation of cast iron and slag passes already beyond the blast furnace – in a runner, with the help of th e plate gate of skimmer arrangement because of different melting liquid densities. Separated from the slag, cast iron proceeds into hot metal ladles, or into mixer ladles. Slag is poured into slag pots through slag runners. Blast-furnace foundationModern furnace together with all constructions and metal structures, lining (brickwork) and burden stock and melting products can have a mass of more than 30 thousand tons. This mass should be evenly transferred to the ground. The lower part of the foundation (sole) is made in the form of a massive concrete slab with thickness of 4 m. Columns lean on the sole, furnace metal structures (shell). The upper part of the foundation (pie) is a monolithic cylinder of refractory compression, on which is the furnace hearth. Blast-furnace hearthBlast-furnace hearth is the lower part of blast furnace, it is cylindrical inside and conic (sometimes cylindrical) due to the outer form. Hearth has cast iron and slag outlet assemblies (iron and slag notches ) and assemblies (tuyeres) for blowing warmed up (at cowper stove) to 1100-1400  ° C, oxygen enriched to 23-25 % air. Hearth blast furnace is the most main part of its construction. It collects up to 1,000 tons and more molten smelting products – cast iron and slag. The burden column, with the mass of 9-12 tons, presses the bottom of the furnace.The pressure of hearth gases is 0. 4-0. 5 MPa, and their temperature reaches 1700-2100  ° C in the coke combustion sources. Coke, liquid cast iron and slag hearth gases move and are restored continuously within the hearth. In fact it is a powerful, continuously moving reactor. In this regard, strict requirements for strength, tightness and fire resistance are demanded to these constructions. The main constructional elements of the hearth are shell, coolers, iron and slag notch, tuyere assemblies. Iron notch Iron notch is a rectangular channel, 250-300 mm broad and 450-500 mm tall.The channel is made in hearth brickwork at the heig ht of 600-1700 mm from the surface of the blast-furnace bottom. Slag notch channels are made at the height of 2000-3600 mm. The iron notch is closed by refractory mixture. The iron notch is opened via drilling out the hole of 50-60 mm diameter with drilling machine. After tapping of cast iron and slag (the tapping of cast iron and slag is carried out through iron notches on large modern blast furnaces), holes are blocked with the help of an electron-beam gun.The electro-beam gun tip gets in and refractory mixture of the notch is supplied under pressure. The blast furnace snag notch is protected by water-cooled elements, which are called slag stopper and compressed-air operated lever-type construction, controlled distantly. Large volume blast furnaces (3200-5500 m ? ) are equipped with four iron notches, working by terms, and one slag notch. The tapping of cast iron and slag from the blast furnace includes the following: 1. opening of the iron notch (if necessary in the slag notch); 2. aintenance, directly connected with leakage of cast iron and slag; 3. closing of the iron notch (if slag was tapped through the slag notch, then closing of slag too); 4. notches and runners repair. [pic] 1. Hot blast 2. Melting zone (bosh and hearth) 3. Reduction zone of ferrous oxide (belly) 4. Reduction zone of ferric oxide (shaft) 5. Pre-heating zone (top throat) 6. Feed of ore, limestone and coke 7. Exhaust gases 8. Column of ore, coke and limestone 9. Removal of slag 10. Tapping of molten pig iron 11. Collection of waste gases Blast Furnace Blast furnace is a continuous unit of shaft-type. The charging of burden is conducted from above, through the typical charging unit, which is the gas damper of the blast furnace. It is reduced rich iron ore (at present time resources of rich iron ore are preserved only in Australia and Brazil), sinter or pellets in the blast furnace. Sometimes granular pellets are used instead of crude ore.Blast furnace consists of five constructive elements: top cylindrical part is top throat, that is necessary for the charging and distribution of burden in furnace; the highest splayed conic part is shaft, where the heating process of materials and the reducing of iron from oxides pass; the widest cylindrical part is belly, in which the process of softening and melting of the reduced iron passes; tapering conic part is bosh, where a reducing gas – carbon monoxide is generated, the cylindrical part is hearth, that is used to accumulate liquid products of blast furnace method – cast iron and slag.And the top element is tuyere zone, where is the injection of combined blast into the furnace, and the lower element is blast-furnace bottom. There are tuyeres on the top of hearth – holes for supplying of heated to high temperature blast. Blast is compressed air, enriched with oxygen and hydrocarbon fuel. At the level of the tuyeres temperature rises to about 2000  ° C. As the distance upward the temperature drops, and it reaches 270  ° C in the top throat. Thus, different temperatures are set at different heights in the furnace, because of that different chemical processes of transition of ore into metal proceed. pic] Blast furnace in  Sestao, Spain. Coke burns off and generates carbon dioxide and large amount of heat at the top part of hearth, where oxygen supply is big enough. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] Carbon dioxide, leaving enriched oxygen zone, reacts with the coke and generates carbon monoxide is the main blast furnace method reducing agent. [pic][pic] [pic] Rising upward, carbon monoxide reacts with iron oxides, taking oxygen and reducing to less oxidized oxide: [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]Resulting from the reaction, the molten metal drips the hot coal down, becoming saturated with carbon, and results in alloy, that contains 2. 14 – 6. 67% of carbon. This alloy is called cast iron. Except carbon, it includes a small part of silicon and manganese. In the number of deciles of a percent sulfur and phosphorus, detrimental impurities, are included in the cast iron composition. Except cast iron, in the hearth slag is generated and accumulated, in which all detrimental impurities gather. Earlier slag was tapped through a slag notch.Now both iron and slag are tapped through the iron notch at the same time, so the contact of cast iron and slag increases while mixing and the part of sulfur cast iron transits in slag. Separation of cast iron and slag passes already beyond the blast furnace – in a runner, with the help of th e plate gate of skimmer arrangement because of different melting liquid densities. Separated from the slag, cast iron proceeds into hot metal ladles, or into mixer ladles. Slag is poured into slag pots through slag runners. Blast-furnace foundationModern furnace together with all constructions and metal structures, lining (brickwork) and burden stock and melting products can have a mass of more than 30 thousand tons. This mass should be evenly transferred to the ground. The lower part of the foundation (sole) is made in the form of a massive concrete slab with thickness of 4 m. Columns lean on the sole, furnace metal structures (shell). The upper part of the foundation (pie) is a monolithic cylinder of refractory compression, on which is the furnace hearth. Blast-furnace hearthBlast-furnace hearth is the lower part of blast furnace, it is cylindrical inside and conic (sometimes cylindrical) due to the outer form. Hearth has cast iron and slag outlet assemblies (iron and slag notches ) and assemblies (tuyeres) for blowing warmed up (at cowper stove) to 1100-1400  ° C, oxygen enriched to 23-25 % air. Hearth blast furnace is the most main part of its construction. It collects up to 1,000 tons and more molten smelting products – cast iron and slag. The burden column, with the mass of 9-12 tons, presses the bottom of the furnace.The pressure of hearth gases is 0. 4-0. 5 MPa, and their temperature reaches 1700-2100  ° C in the coke combustion sources. Coke, liquid cast iron and slag hearth gases move and are restored continuously within the hearth. In fact it is a powerful, continuously moving reactor. In this regard, strict requirements for strength, tightness and fire resistance are demanded to these constructions. The main constructional elements of the hearth are shell, coolers, iron and slag notch, tuyere assemblies. Iron notch Iron notch is a rectangular channel, 250-300 mm broad and 450-500 mm tall.The channel is made in hearth brickwork at the heig ht of 600-1700 mm from the surface of the blast-furnace bottom. Slag notch channels are made at the height of 2000-3600 mm. The iron notch is closed by refractory mixture. The iron notch is opened via drilling out the hole of 50-60 mm diameter with drilling machine. After tapping of cast iron and slag (the tapping of cast iron and slag is carried out through iron notches on large modern blast furnaces), holes are blocked with the help of an electron-beam gun.The electro-beam gun tip gets in and refractory mixture of the notch is supplied under pressure. The blast furnace snag notch is protected by water-cooled elements, which are called slag stopper and compressed-air operated lever-type construction, controlled distantly. Large volume blast furnaces (3200-5500 m ? ) are equipped with four iron notches, working by terms, and one slag notch. The tapping of cast iron and slag from the blast furnace includes the following: 1. opening of the iron notch (if necessary in the slag notch); 2. aintenance, directly connected with leakage of cast iron and slag; 3. closing of the iron notch (if slag was tapped through the slag notch, then closing of slag too); 4. notches and runners repair. [pic] 1. Hot blast 2. Melting zone (bosh and hearth) 3. Reduction zone of ferrous oxide (belly) 4. Reduction zone of ferric oxide (shaft) 5. Pre-heating zone (top throat) 6. Feed of ore, limestone and coke 7. Exhaust gases 8. Column of ore, coke and limestone 9. Removal of slag 10. Tapping of molten pig iron 11. Collection of waste gases

The Survival Game The Solution for Overcrowed Prisons Essays

With the constant flow of convicts streaming into prisons, the prison system has become over flooded with more inmates than the government has room for. According to Michael McLaughlin, Since, 2004 the federal prisons has incarcerated over thirty nine percent more convicts than the buildings are designed for, and this percentage keeps growing with each passing year, and in 2012, most systems housed an astonishing average of about forty one percent of inmates over the premeditated limit. This crisis is causing an overwhelming amount of risk to the guards working the prisons, the inmates who are being stored like can of sardines, and to the taxpayers’ wallet. I propose that the adequate solution for overcrowded prisons is to pass a†¦show more content†¦The government will be able to profit from the money that is gained from the yearly shows and off of the selling of the dead tributes bodies to zoo and cannibal tribes. Because the government will need someone to test the bodies for diseases, process and package the bodies, ship the merchandise, and set up the arena for the yearly survival games; this bill will create new jobs for inner cities minorities, because the minorities have a greater chance to commit crimes, go to prison, and therefore causing the prisons to overcrowd they should have to deal with the dead bodies. Because the bodies are preprocessed and tested the African and Australian tribes are less prone to get diseases, like AIDS or other STDs, from the meat they are consuming; since most prisoners are gross, diseased filled people and the American economy cannot afford lawsuits if the savages get â€Å"sick† from our product even though most of them already have AIDS and sickle cell. The processed foods are more humane, efficient, and cleaner form of food for the cannibals; this will help bring the savage like communities into the light of the modern world of civilization. The bones then can be shipped off with the products to serve as utensils, weapons, and jewelry as an extra perk of buying our products. Another advantage of killing off convict is that the left over and unclean bodies can be feed to wild animals; because they won’t care where their food comes from. This give the zoos, government ran

Definition of Dialectology

The scientific study of dialects, or the regional differences in a language. Although to some extent an autonomous discipline, dialectology is regarded by some linguists as a subfield of sociolinguistics. What is Dialectology? Sociolinguists and dialectologists share some goals and methods. We both tend to be interested in the language of a particular place (a speech community), language in use, authentic speech, and defining a language variety in terms of how it might differ from the standard. A major difference is that in the past dialectologists or dialect geographers have been interested in the most divergent, traditional language of a community, assuming that other forms resulted from later movement toward the standard. Sociolinguists, on the other hand, are interested in the full range of forms in a community (and their social evaluation) ...The goals of dialect geography and dialectology have been to show where particular speech features are found, and to discover the boundaries between dialect regions. But dialect geography has also tried to find the most traditional speech in each region, on the assumption that regional dialects are most distinct when they havent been influenced by their neighbors , or by mainstream language.(Gerard Van Herk, What Is Sociolinguistics? Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) Dialect Geography Dialect geography [is] a methodology or (more accurately) a set of methods for gathering evidence of dialect differences systematically ...More than a century has elapsed since the first major project in dialect geography was undertaken, and in that time there have been hundreds of projects, great and small, that have made use of the methodology ...The resurgence [of dialect geography] began in the 1980s. We have already noted some of the benchmarks: the revival of the Middle and South Atlantic States project under Kretzschmar, the resumption of analysis of the survey of English dialects by Upton and his associates, and, of course, Pedersons Gulf States publications. In addition to these, significant regional projects are taking place in Spain directed by Manuel Alvar, in France sponsored by the Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, and in many other places, including Mexico, Canary Islands, Vanuatu, and RÃ ©union. Dialect atlases are appearing in relative profusion, some of them belated culminations of old field work and others the end-products of more recent research.One reason for the resurgence is technological. Dialectology, the most data-oriented branch of language studies, finally found itself with tools commensurate to its task.(J. K. Chambers and Peter Trudgill, Dialectology, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1998) Social Dialectology Social dialectology differs from traditional dialectology in its shift of focus from rural, settled communities to communities characterized by immigration and mobility... A sign that social dialectology is maturing as a discipline is that scholars are now able to compare the results of a range of studies in order to locate and explain parallel developments.(David Britain and Jenny Cheshire, Introduction. Social Dialectology: In Honour of Peter Trudgill. John Benjamins, 2003) Forms of Dialectology In social dialectology, boundaries between varieties are identified on the basis of trained linguists observations of actual phonetic and grammatical features that constitute salient differences between varieties. In regional dialectology, boundaries are identified on the basis of what trained fieldworkers are able to elicit from speakers or speakers reports of what they usually say. In perceptual dialectology, the beliefs and thoughts that non-linguists have about language are used to distinguish varieties. Peoples perceptions about language, whether descriptively accurate or not, are just as important to the researcher as the objective facts about how speakers talk.(Miriam Meyerhoff, Introducing Sociolinguistics, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2011)

american lit - 1157 Words

When did American Literature begin? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-with the Native Americans Three dominant characteristics/themes of Native American Literature? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1. Relationship with the land nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;2. Belief in the Great Manito nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3. Use of natural images How did Columbus describe the New World? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-astonishing, colorful, marvelous speed of the canoes, a paradise Identify: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-Bay Psalm Book: first book published in America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-manito: spiritual forces nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-Walum Olum: painted record nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-allusion: reference to something†¦show more content†¦How are they particularly American? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-natural wilderness (setting) revolution (great human experience) Study the aphorisms from Poor Richards Almanack. What does each mean? How does Henry use allusions in his speech? What effect does it have? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-Biblical(meaningful), flattering for them to be compared to the Isralites. Define and identify the value of each: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Repetition: saying some things over and over; memorable, force nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Rhetorical question: assumes audience knows answer; confidence , show sarcasm, connect with audience nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Improvisation: speech with no previous thought; forceful Explain the connection between the location and the roles each tribe and the image of a long house. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;- Connection between the Social Contract Theory and the Declaration of Independence? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence based on the idea of the Social Contract theory Where was Bartram from? Where does the example from ‘Travels take place? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-from Philadelphia; it comes from eastern Florida What value does a reading like ‘Travels have for us today? Historical, scientific, entertainment? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-theShow MoreRelatedAmerican Lit2895 Words   |  12 PagesLiterature has a variety of styles; American literature, Irish literature, African American literature, and also Women’s literature are only a few examples. I am charmed by Women’s literature, everything from Annie Bradstreet to Judy Blume. My focus is to show how women portray a major role in the making of great literature, and also their existence in the works of art themselves. Distressingly, for years we women didn’t have a voice and our ideas were pushed aside. An American Editor Joan Goulianos wroteRead MoreApex american lit Essay1645 Words   |  7 PagesConstitutions Practice Assignment English III (2013) Sem 1 (S2605467) Ashley Heaton Points possible:  50 Date: ____________ Assignment Write a literary analysis essay of the U.S. Constitution. Focus on how the Constitution provides liberty for American citizens. Use quotations from the Constitution to support your points. If you choose, you can compare or contrast the U.S. Constitution with the Haudenosaunee Great Law of Peace (the Iroquois Constitution). Your essay should use a basic three-paragraphRead MoreAmerican Lit : Burden Of The United States1031 Words   |  5 PagesMorgan Finley American Lit Burden December 12, 2014 American What does it mean to be American? Webster’s defines an American as: Of or relating to the United States of America or its people, language, or culture. My definition to be American means that you’re free. Free to say what you want. Free to choose your own religion. 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But by 1700, the strength of the (mostly religious) literary output of New England had made English the preeminent language of early American literature.  »full text †¢ The state of American literature in 1700, consisting of only about 250 published works, reflects the pressing religious, security, and cultural concerns of colonial life.  »full text Full Text Columbus’s voyage to the Americas began the exploitationRead MoreHenry Wang. Mr. Barclay. American Lit . Feb 15, 2017. The1125 Words   |  5 PagesHenry Wang Mr. Barclay American Lit Feb 15, 2017 The American Dream In The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby was written in the year 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald after a shocking event happened not long ago, the World War I. In the novel, the main character Jay Gatsby who was around thirty years old worked his to from a impoverished childhood to one of the richest people in New York City and well known in Wall Street. 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Investment Portfolio Performance free essay sample

Examines hypothetical international portfolio activity over six weeks in late 1995, using information from [Financial Times]. Tables charts. Money as a means of exchange has been in existence for thousands of years. Since kingdoms and nations issue their own money, and the rate of one nations currency can be measured in anothers, the concept of trading in currency, rather than the goods that currency can purchase, arose centuries ago. Astute traders could buy currency in one nation and sell it in another for a profit. With the telecommunications revolution that has taken place in this century, this type of trade has given rise to an entirely new type of transaction, which some observers liken more to gambling than to strict financial trading. These new traders use computers to conduct business without regard to time zones, and great sums can be madeand lostin the space of a few seconds. We will write a custom essay sample on Investment Portfolio Performance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This research explores a hypothetical international investment portfolio

Ireland Essays - Island Countries, Northern Europe, Western Europe

Ireland The flag is colored green, white and orange, which the green stripe stands for those of the native Irish descents, the orange stripe represents the descendants of 17th Century British Colonists and the white stripe is for the hope and peace between the two groups. The brown form is drawn in the shape of the country Ireland and the brown represents the hills and mountains. I chose to drawn the puffin bird, because it is the national bird of Ireland. It is a black bird with a white breast and a multi-colored beak, it is found nesting along the rocky ledges of Ireland. The scenic picture shows the peacefulness of the land with a symbolic house and the beautiful blue rivers that Ireland is known for. The final symbol is the leprechaun with his gold. Ireland is known as the "Land of the Leprechaun" and that is the reason the fairy tales began there. Geography Ireland is an island located in the western North Atlantic Ocean, the area covers 27,136 square miles and its population is estimated at 3,500,000. The bordering countries are Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is smaller than Scotland and made up of smaller islands off the coast. There are many hills, plateaus, mountains, plains and lowlands. The lowlands and plains are mainly covered with farms, pastures and old lakes form peat bogs. Climate Ireland is known for its rainy weather and it can rain for most of the year in some parts of the country. Due to the position of Ireland off the sea, the average temperature in the summer is cool, while the winter is mild. The weather in Ireland is milder than other countries. Snow falls only on a few days in winter and melts very quickly, because of the North Atlantic current. The coldest temperature averages 30 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit. The warmest month is July with a temperature averaging at 65 degrees Fahrenheit. Ireland's dampness, fog and rain make the country lush and green. Resources, Industry and Products Ireland has recently discovered zinc and copper, which had opened up new mining resources. The country has few mineral resources such as iron, barites, lead and silver. There are some gypsum, marble, limestone, flagstone and slate also found. The government has invested in some oil refining, shipbuilding, and manufactures fertilizers. Sugar beets are grown locally and the sugar industry has developed because of the crop. Other crops they grow are oats, potatoes, barley, wheat and turnips. Other industries and products include bread, biscuits, textiles, clothing, whisky, metal products, paper and paper products. The chief exports are livestock, foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco and clothing. Tourism and travel have also contributed to the economy. The Irish economy has been based on agriculture, but in recent years many new industries have been developed. People, Religion and Race The population is over 3.6 million and the highest percent of people are Roman Catholic with a small amount of the people belonging to the Anglican Church. The rest are various Christian and Non-Christian beliefs. Religion is a very important role in their cultural and political history. The Constitution of Ireland guarantees freedom of worship to all religions. The people are usually Celts, but there are Norse, French Normans, Scots and English in the country as well. Many people are returning to Ireland from the United States or the U.K. to secure employment. The Irish are easygoing, lighthearted, good-humored, polite and cheerful. Interesting Facts The official name of the country is Ireland and called Eire in Gaelic and often called the Emerald Isle. The capital city is Dublin and the national anthem is "The Soldier's Song". The Irish are very sports oriented and the two national pastimes are football and hurling (soccer-type with wooden sticks and small leather ball). Rugby, sailing, cycling, golf, and horse racing are also favorite activities. Ireland has a strong tradition for music and song originating back thousands of years. Reaction Since my ancestors are from Ireland on my Dads side, it is very interesting to write on my culture, nationality and their background. I find it to be exciting and informative to learn about the country. It is known to be a land of fairy tales, music, dance, song, beautiful clothes and silver jewelry, which I love. My name "Brianna" means strong and brave in Irish and I am very proud to be named that. I would love to visit my country and see the old and ancient castles where my ancestors grew up and lived. I wonder what they looked like and what