Wednesday, October 30, 2019
History of Judasim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
History of Judasim - Essay Example However, after three months she was no longer able to hide him and was forced to throw him in the river. In a strange turn of events, pharaoh’s daughter picked up Moses and she decided to keep him as her son. The royal family adopted Moses and he was raised as a prince. However, Moses soon find out he was Hebrew. He one day killed an Egyptian for mistreating a Hebrew. He was forced to run away and was adopted by Hobab after he rescued his daughter from rude shepherds. One day as Moses was grazing his fathers in laws sheep on MT Horeb, he came across a burning bush (Neusner, 2010). Moses went and talked to the burning bush and this marked the start of his relationship with God. Moses was instructed to go return to Egypt and free the Hebrews. He would then lead them to the Promised Land. One key event that is associated with Moses is that he was sent by God to free the Hebrews for slavery. Moses went back to Egypt and met with the pharaoh telling him of God’s wishes. However, pharaoh was reluctant to free the Hebrews. He turned his rod into a snake as to show that he was sent by God. What transpired is that God sent ten plagues and Moses predicted each one of them. Moses turned river Nile into blood and this killed all the fish. This marked the first plague. In the second plague, Moses was able to bring all the frogs from river Nile to Egypt. Later, Moses infested Egypt with lice and flies. The pharaoh would still not allow freeing the Israelites. Moses inflicted a disease that killed all the Egyptians livestock. He then caused Egyptians to suffer from incurable boils and brought thunderstorms and hails. In the eighth plague, Egypt was covered by locusts which all the food they had planted. Moses initiated a total darkness in the ninth plague. After all this plagues, pharaoh was still standing strong on his resolve of not freeing the Hebrews. The 10th and final
Monday, October 28, 2019
Psychodynamic Theory Essay Example for Free
Psychodynamic Theory Essay What Psychodynamic Theory Has to Contribute to Our Understanding of  Counselling in a Multicultural Society? If counsellors are to discern very well their clients of diverse backgrounds or culture and their place in a multicultural society, psychodynamic theory may be particularly helpful in this respect. Theories and techniques used in counselling are diverse and it is imperative for counsellors to know how to use their knowledge of psychodynamic theory in conceptualising systems for both counselling and therapy. In psychodynamic therapy, which is an approach in counselling based on psychoanalytic theories, it is postulated that conscious and unconscious influences mold human behavior and social relationships. This concept of the unconscious is often associated with Sigmund Freud whose contribution in psychoanalysis can not be discounted. Psychoanalytic theory though, is not exclusively Freudian. Freud’s brilliant ideas and theories, were controversial. His theories were under attack from many directions and it was a good thing though that from his perspectives, many other psychoanalytic theories emerged as well. Carl Jung was famous for his collective unconscious and his oriental approach was unorthodox for Western psychoanalytic theorists. D.D. Winnicott’s transitional objects and good- enough mothering for instance, are interesting contributions to psychoanalysis as well. It should be fascinating to explore these theorists’ contribution to systems and approaches of multicultural counselling. In as much as these theorists’ perspectives seem to have distinct or even conflicting orientations, we may have the chance to look upon their theories, in many ways, complementary in the practice of counselling in a multicultural society. Their theories can prove to be useful at any point in counselling (or therapy) sessions in understanding clients, their unique history, individual concerns, and understanding their behavior, the impact of their past experiences to their present condition in life, and some of their underlying motives and beliefs. Sigmund Freud            Psychoanalytic approaches to therapy and counselling originated from the works of Sigmund Freud. He viewed that people are driven by unconscious influences, a part of their inner world of which they are not aware of. He theorised that repressed unconscious thoughts and feelings could manifest through dreams, fantasies and odd behavior. Until after these repressed forbidden desires, hurtful memories and experiences are brought to conscious awareness, these were presumed to lead to irrational and maladaptive behavior. Based on this concept, effective counsellors can effectively draw upon these repressed thoughts and emotions through psychotherapy to ease their client’s depression or anxiety and to rebuild their client’s self-esteem.            Freud’s concept of eros (sexual and life instincts) and thanatos (aggressive and death instincts) are considered motivating factors of personality, with the term libido referring to basic energy of life associated with Eros. Troubled individuals may manifest death instincts through destructive behavior such as, alcoholism, substance abuse, aggression (towards self or others), and even suicide.            Freud theorised that the individual’s behavior is assumed to result from the interaction of three components of the personality: id, ego, and superego. The id is said to be the source of instinctual drives and operate in terms of the pleasure principle. It is capable of eliciting mental images and wish-fulfilling fantasies (Coleman, 1980).            The second personality component is the ego, which intercedes between the demands of the id and the external world, and operates in terms of the reality principle. For instance, Freud believed that sexual or aggressive tendencies are in conflict with society’s rules and prohibitions.            It was clever of Freud to introduce the third personality component, which is the superego, or commonly known as conscience. If one has learned and adapted to the moral demands of society, the individual would have a better grasp of what is right from wrong. The superego serves as personality’s system of control to inhibit immoral desires.            Freud believed in the interplay between the id, ego and superego, and how it becomes crucial to behavior. Inner conflicts may arise because the id, ego and superego are striving for different goals. Inner conflicts could manifest as a mental disorder if not resolved. Another important psychoanalytic concept of Freud is defense mechanisms. For him, whatever pains or anxieties are eased by distorting reality, if one can not deal with it rationally (Coleman, et.al., p. 54). Therefore, an individual’s distorted perception of reality poses behavior problems. This only happens though when the ego can no longer cope with the pain or anxiety by rational measures. Freud’s contribution to developmental psychology is his theory on five Psychosexual stages: the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. He believed that these stages of development could determine one’s defenses, anxieties, and impulses. A child who has been deprived of fully experiencing any of these stages may suffer fixation at that stage of development. The first three stages of development, the oral, anal, and phallic stages, are the most crucial, as one’s personality is molded at this time. If fixation happens at any point during this period, then the child would likely develop distinct personality type. From birth to 1 year (oral stage), the mouth is the principal erogenous zone and it is assumed that an infant’s greatest source of gratification is sucking. If the caregiver is overindulgent or depriving, then the child is likely to develop fixation at this stage. Some traits associated with overindulgence are optimism, manipulativeness, boldness and admiration. On the other hand, deprivation would lead to traits such as pessimism, suspiciousness, self-belittlement, passivity, and jealousy. Further, as Freud theorised, fixation at this stage, or when the individual did not receive adequate oral gratification during infancy, the individual is predisposed to excessive drinking or eating in adult life. When the child is about 18 months to 3 years (anal stage), the anus and rectum are considered to be the primary sources of pleasure. Either an excessive demand or permissiveness from a child’s caregiver, will lead to the development of anal personality. Other psychological problems that are thought to arise from this stage are obsessive-compulsivity and paranoia. During the phallic stage, or when the child is about 3 to 6 years old, the penis or clitoris is assumed to be the major source of pleasurable sensation. At this stage, the child learns to manipulate the genitals and becomes curious about the opposite sex. Curiously enough, Freud also believed that it is at this stage when the child develops intense sexual feelings for the parent of the opposite sex, or otherwise known as Oedipus and Electra complex. The Oedipal complex is the perception that boys desire to possess their mother. Freud thought that boys have incestuous cravings for their mother, even sees their father as rival, but they have fear that the father will harm them (castration anxiety). Likewise, the Electra complex is the assumption that girls desire their father, and want to replace their mother. The fear of the same-sex parent leads to sublimation of their sexual attraction for the opposite sex parent into non-sexual love, and they learn to identity instead to their same-sex parent. For either sex, it imperative for them to resolve the conflict, such that when they enter young adulthood stage, they are likely to have a satisfactory heterosexual relationship. In the years from 6 to 12 (latency stage), sexual motivations are put aside and the child channels his energy into school, play, shared activities with friends, and sports. Finally, the genital stage, which is from puberty onwards, the deepest feelings of pleasure come from heterosexual relations. At this stage, the individual channels his energy into socially acceptable ventures such as entering into romantic relationships, establishing friendships, career planning and also some recreational activities.  Freud’s cathartic hypnosis was popular during his time, but more than the technique of hypnosis as a therapeutic cure to psychological illnesses, was his concept that feelings were drawn from the unconscious. His contribution stands out in the sense that he was the one who developed techniques such as free association and dream analysis in dealing with both the conscious and unconscious aspects of mental health. Freud emphasized the role of the unconscious motives and ego-defense systems, and the importance of early childhood experiences in the personality adjustment and maladjustment of adults, as well as the relevance of sexual factors in human behavior and mental disorders (Coleman, et.al., p. 57). Freud’s techniques now used in contemporary psychodynamic counselling provide much deeper understanding of the (client’s) self, and can prove to be helpful in emotional, spiritual development and self-awareness. Carl Jung            One of the most original and controversial features of Jung’s theory on personality was the concept of collective unconscious. He theorised the existence of universally shared motives, drives, potentials, fears and symbols that human beings have more or less the same collective unconscious. Collective unconscious is defined as the â€Å"storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from one’s ancestral past†(Hall Lindzey, 1978, p. 119). Simply put, with this theory, there is probability of reviving experiences of past generations. â€Å"Humans are born with many predisposition for thinking, feeling, and perceiving according to definite patterns and contents that become actualized through individualized experiences†(Hall Lindzey).            If Freud’s â€Å"unconscious mind†is often associated with repressed forbidden desires, hurtful memories and experiences, Jung’s collective unconscious is a vast resource of subliminal contents and potential, which includes the â€Å"wisdom and experience of uncounted centuries, and laid down in its archetypal organs†(Jung, cited in Hall Lindzey, p.120). The collective unconscious can then serve a very good purpose to the individual. But, if this ignored by the ego, â€Å"the unconscious may disrupt the conscious rational processes by seizing hold of them and twisting them into distorted forms (Hall Lindzey, p.120). Instances of irrational behavior could arise such as phobias and delusions.            Jung believed that the individual achieves completeness or wholeness only as fantasies, images and dreams from the personal and collective unconscious become accessible to the conscious self (Coleman, et.al., p.58).            Jung’s concept of archetypes refers to patterns of behavior within the unconscious mind. The most common of these archetypes are the persona, shadow, self, and anima and animus. The persona is tantamount to the social personality the â€Å"face†an individual has in his social relationships. A healthy persona could then mean good adaptation to the demands of society or the environment where one belongs. In some respects, Jung’s concept of the persona is similar to Freud’s superego. The shadow has some resemblance to Freud’s concept of the id. It is considered the hidden or dark side of personality that sometimes the individual is not even aware of. This part of the psyche would be difficult to accept. If a certain trait of another distress an individual, then this could be a reflection of his shadow. Traits such as laziness, attention-seeking, anger expression, etc., are usually kept from consciousness and is often projected to others. The self can be considered the sum total of one’s personality, the motivating factor of human behavior that causes one to constantly strive and attain wholeness. It was Jung’s view that the self can only emerge only if various aspects of the personality have fully developed (known as individuation) (Hall Lindzey, p. 124). Thus, this does not happen until one has reached middle age when one â€Å"begins to make a serious effort to change the center of personality from the conscious ego to one that is midway between consciousness and unconsciousness†(Hall Lindzey). Jung believed that one takes the journey toward individuation, spending almost half of his life individuating, and the second integrating. This concept has direct application and relevance to career counselling. Notice that most individuals who reach middle age begin to have more focus and sense of purpose, not wasting their time and energy where they do not fit or are not welcome, and extending effort only in activities that will lead them to their true calling. Somewhat parallel to Freud’s Oedipus and Electra complex which prove relevant to understanding one’s heterosexual adjustment is Jung’s anima and animus. This is much like the â€Å"yin and yang†of the Chinese, the masculine and feminine side of human personality. The role of biological hormones cannot be discounted, but from a Jungian perspective, this is more considered to be a product of racial experiences of man with woman and vice versa. Jung’s anima and animus may be of relevance in understanding man-woman relationships in a counselling setting. Man is supposed to â€Å"apprehend the nature of woman by virtue of his anima, and woman apprehends the nature of man by virtue of her animus†(Hall Lindzey, p. 123), and without regard to the real character of the other, their relationship will most likely lead to discord. Donald Winnicott            The influential concepts of transitional objects, the good-enough mother and the true and false self are attributed to Winnicott. A transitional object is some sort of a security blanket for a child. It could be a favorite stuffed toy, baby blanket, pillow or any symbolic object that a child finds comfort in having. A transitional object helps a child cope with fear while their principal caregiver is away. The most influential person (object) during a child’s development would be the principal caregiver. In a counselling setting, the counselor serves as the transitional object, who gradually helps his client overcome frustrations and develop greater independence over time. The good-enough mother pertains to the principal caregiver whose parenting style fit the child’s developmental needs. Winnicott believed that caregivers have to be good-enough in providing the child’s needs, but not too much. They have to teach children as well to tolerate frustrations, and teach them the lesson of independence and self-sufficiency. Winnicott theorized that children’s needs, if not adequately met, could help develop a false self (this is somehow identical to Freud’s concept of fixation). On the other hand, when children’s needs are adequately provided, then, they are likely to develop a true self. A relationship based on trust, a relationship that is more real, will grow between the caregiver and the child. This concept may apply to counselor (or therapist)-client relationship. An effective counselor knows how to provide a safe â€Å"holding environment†for his client, and is adaptive to his client’s needs. The counselor knows how to respond to his client’s emotions with warmth and empathy, thus helping his client reveal his true self. References Coleman, James C., James N. Butcher and Robert C. Carson. Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life (6th ed.). Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company. Dakai, S.H. (2003). â€Å"Addiction Counseling: Examination of Various Addiction Counseling and Therapy Approaches.†Journal of Addictive Disorders. Breining Institute. Hall, Calvin S. and Lindzey Gardner (1980). Theories of Personality (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley Sons. McGinnis, James D. and Kenneth R.Thomas (1991). The Psychoanalytic Theories of D.W. Winnicott as Applied to Rehabilitation. The Journal of Rehabilitation. 1 July 1991
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Europes Largest Minority Essay -- essays research papers
The Romani people of Europe are often referred to as "Gypsies". Thought they prefer to be called Roma. The Roma are descendants of the ancient warrior classes of Northern India, particularly the Punjab, and they are identifiable by their language, religion, and customs. The "Gypsies" gained there widely known name due to the fact that when they first arrived in Europe people believed that they had migrated from Egypt. Even after this was found to be untrue that name stuck to this minority group. Because recorded history of the "Gypsies" prior to their first documented appearances in Europe in the early 15th century is non-existent, there has been much debate as to their origins and early migration. Based on linguistic evidence, it is believed that the modern day "Gypsies" of the Middle East, Europe, Asia, as well as the Americas, originated in Northwestern India. There is also a general agreement regarding the approximate timing of their immigration. It is believed that the bulk of their immigration was during the 11th century, and took place in three major trips. Though this large group of people have been living in Europe for over ten centuries they are still not treated as equals to this day. The exact number of "gypsies" who live in Europe is unknown and guesses are inaccurate due to their nomadic life style. What is known is that population of "gypsies" is a large one that makes them the largest minority living in Europe. Though large in population they are also largely discriminated against. This discrimination dates back almost ,if not to the of there arrival in Europe. Throughout the centuries they have faced discrimination in many different forms, for a variety of reasons. Also there have been quite a few major outbreaks of intense discrimination that took place in different areas throughout Europe. During medieval times rumors where spread that the "Gypsies" were descended from a sexual encounter between a "Gypsies" woman and Satan. Christians believed that a conspiracy of blacksmiths, wizards and women had been organized to attack... ...ing and placement system for the "Gypsies". These placements and training will helps them to find jobs This is extremely helpful because finding a job can be a extreme challenge to them on there own, due to there lack of training and the widespread belief/stereotype that they are thieves and cheats. The "Gypsies" are a group of people with an extremely rich culture. There performances at festivals and such attract many tourists who find there life styles unique and interesting. The reason this minority group is discriminated against so terribly is not due to being a bad group of people, but a misunderstood group of people. Throughout European society and time there had been and still is a serve lack of understanding about the "Gypsies" which has lead to all the discrimination they have faced and are still facing today. When most people think of "Gypsies" they think of the stereotype "Gypsy", a nomad, a thief, and uneducated. Though finding schools for "Gypsies" can be hard there are "Gypsy" children that attend school. Only a minuet percentage of the "Gypsies" are nomatic.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Case: Lufthansa Cargo Ag †Capacity Reservation
Question 1 ? How does air cargo differ from the passenger business in terms of revenue management? Which areas are more complex, which areas can be managed more easily? There are noted differences between air cargo and the passenger business. For example, unlike passengers, cargo shippers did not book round trips and therefore cargo flows were unpaired. Furthermore, cargo was classified according to multiple dimensions like volume and weight resulting in different pallet space requirements, while passengers were each assigned a single seat.Concerning manageability it was identified that with regard to network planning and capacity allocation, cargo carriers had more degrees of freedom and hence faced additional challenges compared to passenger airlines. However, while passengers purchased tickets for specific flights and routes, cargo airlines could transport goods flexibly with regard to time and route through their network, the only constraint being the promised time of availabilit y at the destination. Moreover, the load could be balanced and optimized by mixing shipments with different specific weights i. e. volume-to-weight relations. In this regard, space could be sold twice, e. g. to one customer with voluminous and another with heavy-weight high-density goods. Question 2 ? What is the purpose of selling long-term capacity contracts? The purposes of selling long-term capacity contracts was to model demand and maximize the airlines yield by ensuring that a fixed amount of capacity was purchased, thus optimizing the aircraft’s cargo capacity utilization while at the same time reducing the risk of deviation from customers because of the fixed commitment and non-refundable policy.It also helped to determine how much capacity the airline maintained as a safeguard for demand for general cargo. Question 4 ? Does Lufthansa Cargo effectively reach its business and risk-sharing objectives? Lufthansa does not effectively reach its business and risk sharing ob jectives as they were unable to strictly enforce some of their cancellation fee policies due to the market power of some forwarding companies.Moreover, forwarders freedom to cancel contracted capacity up to 72 hours before departure was not adequately reflected by the rates the airline charged for the GCA freight. In addition, if cancellation was received three days before departure, there was no guarantee that LCAG will find other buyers to make up for the forgone revenue. LCAG also had problems with no shows. Question 5 ? How could current reservation and pricing practices at Lufthansa Group be improved? Compensating for cancellations and no-shows by overbooking, †¢Limiting sales to low-revenue forwarders to preserve space for higher-revenue forwarders, †¢Accepting low-revenue forwarders when higher revenue demand is less than aircraft cargo capacity, †¢Redirecting low-revenue customers to flights with lower load factors, thereby minimizing spilled cargo Question 6 ? How does the introduction of dynamic pricing affect capacity byers, i. e. freight forwarders?The introduction of dynamic pricing can generally shrink the size of capacity buyers on the one hand but can also enable forwarders to have considerable influence with airlines. Since forwarders make their money on the difference between the price they receive from the consignee and the cost of cargo space paid to airlines, they might play one airline against the other for the lowest price. Thus dynamic pricing can actually give forwarders the edge in extracting low price rates from airlines.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Global Online Marketing: A Concept Replacing Traditional Marketplaces
Abstract: Contemporary marketing has evolved into a large concept which includes the aspect of â€Å"idea marketing†. As the definition of marketing has evolved, so has the need for marketers to use technology to support the process. This paper discusses global online marketing, its advantages, and the ethical dilemmas associated with its use. It also then discusses whether global online marketing can take over the traditional marketplace and whether this would prove to be beneficial for both consumers and marketers. Introduction: Marketing is an evolutionary concept which has been constantly growing over time, specifically in the more recent decades that have brought along significant technological change. While the definition of marketing has evolved in this era, so have the manner in which it is conducted and the mediums that it is conducted through (Rossiter, 2001). This significant change has caused the uprising of several questions which include has the meaning of marketing changed with the onset of the internet?, is the internet an ethical tool to use in attempting to persuade consumers to purchase products?, and whether online marketing has taken over the traditional marketplace and how? This paper will focus upon the topic of global online marketing and whether this phenomenon has replaced the traditional marketplace. The paper will begin by focusing upon the changing definition of marketing and how technology has accommodated it, continue with an analysis of online marketing, the benefits provided to customers/marketers through online marketing, and the ethical dilemmas associated with its used. The paper will then analyse how global online marketing has become the norm and the benefits and/or consequences of it replacing the traditional marketplace along with recommendations regarding how the internet can be used to the consumer/marketers’ advantage and how its negative impact can be reduced. The paper will conclude with a summary of the main points mentioned Evolution of the Definition of Marketing and its Impact on Technology: Marketing has been a concept which has gradually outgrown its previous definitions as various external factors have affected the way it is interpreted and understood by marketers and scholars alike. While there is increasing debate regarding the definition of marketing, Peter & Olsen stress that most scholars in the discipline of marketing are satisfied with Kotler’s definition of marketing which says, â€Å"Marketing is human activity directed at satisfying needs and wants through exchange processes†(Kurzabard & Soldow, 2007, p. 37). However, for those who were slightly unsatisfied with this previous definition of marketing, the American Marketing Association described marketing as, â€Å"The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, & distribution of ideas, goods, & services to create exchanges that satisfy individual & organizational objectives.†(Kurzbard & Soldow, 2007, p. 38). However, most of the previous definitions applied to marketing, emphasized that the main goal of marketing was the exchange of goods and services (Kotler, 1972). Nonetheless, we often see people campaigning in the streets for support for a particular cause or we are approached by people who ask for donations for a particular charity. While we may have no particular association with the cause or the charity and we expect nothing in return from them personally, we are influenced or affected by the ideas presented to us. This can also be regarded as a form of â€Å"non-business marketing†and can be associated with Kotler’s classification of marketing into three levels of consciousness, the first regarding it as a business subject associated with buyers, sellers, & other economic products & services, and the second extending marketing as appropriate for all organizations that have customers (including non-profit organisations) (Kotler, 1972). While the definition of marketing had previously evolved to include the activities of non-profit organizations seeking to gain customers/donaters/supporters, etc., it can now be classified to encompass much more than that. This is described by Kotler’s (1972) consciousness three which describes marketing as â€Å"an organisation’s attempt to appeal to its public, not only its consuming public†. While this level of marketing may not have been given a high level of support in 1972, contemporary business practices urge organizations to be socially responsible, encourage motivational behaviour with employees, and also require coordination with suppliers. Thus, it is now just as essential to market an organisation appropriately to employees, society, suppliers, the media, and several other stakeholder groups of the organisation. Some stakeholder groups can be effectively dealt with personally, such as banks who are offering the organisation a loan. This institution can be personally marketed an idea which leads the bank officer to sanction the loa n and would result in an exchange between the two parties as the bank gives the organisation money and the organisation agrees to pay the bank interest on the borrowed amount. However, how can the director of an organisation employing thousands of employees worldwide influence the employees to accept a new employment contract promoting a different combination of incentivesHow can he/she personally motivate them or congratulate them on a job well done? Coming back to the traditional view of marketing as a profitable process between buyers and sellers, we can apply the following scenario. How can an organisation encourage an overweight customer to try a newly formed formula which would help her reduce her weight when she is not even aware of the product and perhaps the fact that she even requires itIt would first be essential for the organisation to form the idea within her mind that she is overweight and then inform her about the existing product. However, it is obvious that this tas k cannot be fulfilled in person as that might be considered rude and highly inappropriate. This is where technology intervenes and begins our discussion on the concept of â€Å"idea marketing†and global online marketing. Global Online Marketing and its Advantages: The evolving definition of marketing and the need of contemporary businesses to satisfy various stakeholder groups have led to the increased use of technology in marketing processes. Thus, as a business seeks to satisfy stakeholders or project certain ideas towards them, it uses the aid of technological tools such as portals, customer relationship management software, employee management software, and websites. A charity uses the aid of a website which informs all of its stakeholders regarding its cause, how it seeks to implement it, and all other parties that it is associated with. In the same manner, a business organisation uses the aid of a website to illustrate all of its processes including sections mentioning its relationship with its suppliers, social responsibility practices, and sections featuring its financial statements and the dividends paid to shareholders. Similarly, customer relationship management software is used to gauge and understand consumer wants, market potenti ally desired products to consumers, and facilitate communication between the organisation and the customer (Pines, Peppers, & Rogers, 2009). While the internet aids in satisfying these needs of contemporary business organizations, it also serves the current definition of marketing which includes â€Å"idea marketing†and is said to have a core concern of â€Å"producing desired responses†(Kotler, 1972). Thus, while it would be difficult to convince an overweight customer that she needs to try a new weight loss formula or to attempt to sell an exceptionally revealing piece of lingerie to a woman who is conservatively dressed, doing this through online marketing would make it more convenient and acceptable to both the customer and the marketer. There may also be instances in which the customer may feel uncomfortable in walking into a store and asking the salesman which type of brassiere would make her breasts look more erector explaining the condition of a particularly nasty occurrence of acne on her upper thigh and asking what type of ointment would help cure it? Online marketing would help in this regard as it enables open communication between the customer and the marketer and enables the marketer to expressly form ideas into the customer’s mind. As Kotler (1972) mentions, the marketer â€Å"seeks to influence†in any manner and then eventually seeks to â€Å"produce a desired response†which may be in the form of support for a cause or an idea or in the form of the purchase of a product. Thus, global online marketing is usually conducted through social media platforms, websites, and personal email in certain situations. The marketer uses these platforms to illustrate their message with the aid of pictures, virtual demonstrations, and articles which may seek to persuade or inform the customer regarding various uses, benefits, and opinions regarding the product (Pires, Stanton, & Rita, 2006). This allows the flow of informat ion from the marketer to the customer and allows convenience to both parties. For example, it is not easy for a marketer to stop people in the street and coerce them to view the design of a new mobile phone and ask them for their opinion on it. For all the marketer may know, the person may not be the least interested in mobile phones or may not need a new one. It is also then not easy to stop all of the people in the street and tell them about the various types of reviews that the newly designed phone has. Accordingly, online marketing enables the marketer to efficiently and effectively aim at the target audience and project their message towards them. It also enables the marketer to give the customer as much information as they deem necessary in order to persuade the customer to support a particular idea or purchase a particular product. More importantly, it enables the marketer to quickly transmit this information to the customer such as in the instance of a sale or a contest occu rring for a particular product or brand (Burton, 2001). As Kotler’s (1972) explanation of generic marketing and the strategies involved in producing a desired response from the customer includes designing the product in a more attractive manner, presenting the product to the customer on more attractive terms, adding symbolic significance to the product, and making the object more accessible, online marketing assists each of these processes. While online marketing helps the marketer provide the customer with information, illustrations, and persuasion of the product’s attractiveness and also mentions the terms on which the product can be bought or acquired (such as discounts or a giveaway contest), it can also help add symbolic significance to the product by featuring an article or video, showing the product being used by a celebrity or on a particular occasion. Moreover, it has enabled marketers to get feedback regarding their product and effectively communicate with cu stomers through an economical platform. One very important function that online marketing is now performing for the marketer is making the product more accessible for the customer (Rossiter, 2001). Through e-commerce, marketers have been able to target a large amount of consumers and made the product highly accessible through the click of a mouse. Thus, through the aid of cookies and through previous purchase behaviour, businesses are able to gather information regarding what the consumer needs or is interested in and then make customly designed offers which suit the customer’s needs. This has enabled an increase in sales and has also enabled the marketer to save costs which are associated with setting up and managing physical shops and employing large amounts of labour. As emphasized by Pines, Peppers, & Rogers (1995), it has also enabled marketers to anticipate consumer wants and personally develop a learning relationship with their customers by understanding what their cus tomers need and enabling them to retain their customers forever. Online marketing enables mass customization in an economical manner, which is not a process that can be fulfilled in a traditional shop in a cost-effective manner and if done manually would probably lead to a confusing and disorganized situation (Gummesson, 2002). However, global online marketing has not only facilitated the marketer, but has specifically empowered the customer as well according to Pires, Stanton, & Rita (2006). It enables the customer to ask questions and access information without the obstacle of embarrassment, lack of demonstration, and at their own leisure. Thus, while a traditional shop may close at 6 pm, a potential customer may require information regarding a product after he/she gets off from work. Online marketing enables the customer to easily and effectively gain this information through technological means at any time he/she pleases. Moreover, online marketing has enabled the customer to ac cess as much information as he/she deems necessary and guide the marketer regarding his/her needs and demands. The customer is able to provide feedback and make comments regarding a product. Moreover, the customer is also able to customly design the type of product he/she needs or suggest the type of offer that would attract him/her towards purchasing a particular product. This enables the customer to take charge of his/her preferences and purchases and adds to the customer’s convenience. This is also said to result in a higher satisfaction level within consumers (Gummesson, 2002). While there are numerous advantages of global online marketing, there are also certain disadvantages or ethical concerns associated with its use. Ethical Concerns of Global Online Marketing: While a consumer may significantly benefit from targeted offers which suit his/her needs/wants, it is also of concern, how marketers are able to make these offersOnline marketing software enables a marketer to install cookies on the consumer’s computer and keep track of the types of websites that the consumer regularly visits and the types of purchases he/she makes. Accordingly, while keeping track of the consumer’s behaviour, the marketer is able to show the consumer advertisements of offers that may interest him/her. However, how often have you opened a website and made a secret purchase which you did not want anyone to know aboutThen, how is it ethical for a business to know what you have been doing onlineThis raises the concern of privacy and plagues many consumers who are not highly enthusiastic about being followed online (Philip, 2000). Moreover, how would you feel if you made a purchase of lovely pink bunny slippers online and the very next day when your friend was using your computer, an advertisement featuring a similar product popped upIt would most likely be a cause of immense annoyance and embarrassment which is also an ethical concern of global online marketing. It is deemed highly unethical to bombard consumers with advertising material when they are least expecting it or especially when they least desire it. Moreover, several studies have also claimed that bombarding a consumer with offers for a particular product when they do not desire such interruptions can lead to resentment towards the product and create a negative image of the product for the consumer. It is also highly inappropriate for organizations to bombard the consumer with advertisements when they are not sure whether the consumer is in appropriate company to view those advertisements or whether it is the appropriate occasion (Golding, 2000). An additional ethical concern is the processing of online transactions which involves the collection of financial information su ch as credit card numbers and bank account details. Research has proven that 48% of consumers are highly suspicious of this process and refrain from online shopping because they are unwilling to divulge such information online. This is a major concern because some of this information is used unethically or fraudulently which then leads to severe consequences for the customer. Moreover, customers are also highly skeptical of online hackers who break into such websites and gain such financial information regarding consumers, thus then using it in a negative manner in order to cause the consumer financial loss. This is known as cyber crime (Fuat, 1997). The dilemma of not knowing who you are communicating with and the credibility of the person/organisation is the main ethical concern which is highly distressing for customers and is a hinderance which organizations are attempting to overcome. Despite the ethical concerns of using online marketing, a large proportion of marketers/busines ses have successfully adopted it and it is becoming increasingly accepted amongst consumers. It may be said that global online marketing is taking over traditional marketplaces. Is Global Online Marketing Taking Over Traditional Marketplaces and Should It? The use of online marketing is becoming widespread despite the initial reaction of consumers of suspicion regarding whether it can be ethically used or not. Allegedly, the concept has turned the whole world into a global marketplace as businesses are easily able to sell and market their products to customers in different countries. Many businesses have adopted the concept and made it the prime focus of selling/marketing to customers, an example is Amazon. While the concept has largely taken over the traditional concept of a marketplace and may be replacing the traditional marketplace at an increasing rate, there are many reasons why it cannot fully take over and also many reasons why it should not (Hunt, 1994). The advantages of global online marketing include convenience, access to information, accessibility, ease of use, and access to a large market which can be targeted effectively. It also enables making partnerships with other firms on the basis of sharing data. However, the eth ical dilemmas concerning it include privacy issues, suspicion regarding the revealing of financial details, and bombarding the customer with unwanted advertisements at inconvenient times. Similarly, the reasons that global online marketing cannot fully take over the concept of the traditional marketplace include the fact that half the world still does not have internet access and many businesses are targeting certain groups of consumers that are not privileged with access/knowledge of using the Internet. For example, consumers in many Third World countries and in other inaccessible areas do not have access to the Internet and are often even unaware of how to use a computer. It would be highly ineffective for a marketer to attempt to target and reach these audiences with online marketing. Another important reason that global marketplaces cannot take over traditional marketplaces is because some products require physical viewing and cannot be purchased after viewing online demonstrati ons or reading descriptions of the product. This may be specifically true in the case of automobiles or even in the case of clothes which need to be tried on before purchase. Moreover, while in some situations the client may feel more relaxed in talking about or asking questions about the product online, there are some sitatuons which require personal involvement and personal contact between the client and the marketer (Hunt, 1994). For example, many brides-to-be would not be highly happy about conversing with the computer regarding their preferred wedding dress and would appreciate personally talking to a sales representative. While these are some of the reasons that online marketplaces cannot take over traditional marketplaces, there are also some reasons which suggest that this should not happen even if it is becoming the norm. First of all, online marketing is taking over the advantages of the value chain and is possibly taking over the concept of a retail store, thus putting ma ny retail stores at a disadvantage. This can mean a loss of business for many people who are in this part of the value chain. Moreover, online marketing means that there is less need for physical labour and a different type of expertise required which may also significantly increase the rate of unemployment and may be a major concern (Woodall, 2001). Another problem with online marketing is that the image it portrays to consumers and the manner in which it glamorously displays products coaxes many consumers to spend hard-earned money on products that they do not need. It often causes consumers to purchase goods that they would not have purchased otherwise and is a rising concern for many countries as it has led to problems of shopaholics. In other cases, consumers are often sold products that they thought were somethingelse or looked differently online, but were given products which are vastly different from their expectations (Woodall, 2001). Thus, it is evident that while the conc ept of global online marketing is becoming increasingly popular, widely accepted, and gives advantages and empowerment to both the marketer and consumer, the concept still has certain disadvantages which may prevent it from becoming the sole form of business between organizations and consumers. Accordingly, it is recommended that global marketers use this platform as a way to communicate with their customers and project ideas into their minds while also gaining essential feedback, but not to rely on it as the sole form of communication or exchange between customers and the organisation. Moreover, organizations should be sensitive towards privacy issues of customers and refrain from the use of cookies without explicit permission from their customers. They should rely upon customer feedback, previous purchase information, and comments that the customer willingly provides regarding his/her purchasing preferences. Organisations should refrain from using pop-up advertisements and target the customer in a more discreet manner such as when he/she clicks upon a certain relevant page or through personal email or social media platforms (news popping up in newsfeed on Facebook). Other forms of marketing such as radio, television, and personal contact should also be used in order to be able to facilitate and attract all types of customers instead of limiting the market to only a particular group of customers. Conclusion: The paper discusses how the evolving definition of marketing has resulted in the need to use technology to support marketing practices. It has established that there are various advantages associated with using online marketing which include convenience, accessibility, and the amalgamation of essential information for both customer and marketer. However, the paper has also pointed out that there are certain disadvantages to the use of online marketing and reasons why it cannot take over the concept of a traditional marketplace. References Burton, D. (2001) â€Å"Critical Marketing Theory: The Blueprint†. European Journal of Marketing. Vol. 35 5/6 pp. 742-743 Fuat, A. (1997). â€Å"From segmentation to fragmentation: markets and marketing strategy in the postmodern era.†European Journal of Marketing. Vol.31(3-4) pp.183-185. Golding (2000) â€Å"Forthcoming Features: Information and Communications Technologies and the Sociology of the Future†Sociology. Vol 34 (1). Gummesson, E. (2002) â€Å"Practical value of adequate marketing management theory†European Journal of Marketing .Volume 36 (3) pp.325-349 Hunt, D. (1994) â€Å"On Rethinking Marketing: Our Discipline, Our Practice, Our Methods†European Journal of Marketing Vol. 28(3) pp. 13-25. Kotler, P. (1972) â€Å"A Generic Concept of Marketing†, Journal of Marketing. Vol. 36. pp. 46-54 Kurzbard, G. & Soldow, G. (2007) â€Å"Towards a Parametric Definition of Marketing†European Journal of Marketing. Vol. 21 (1) pp. 37-47 Philip, E. (2000) â€Å"Strategy the End to the Endgame?†(impact of Internet economy on strategy). Journal of Business Strategy. Vol.21 (6) p 12 Pines J., Peppers, D., & Rogers, M. (1995) â€Å"Do You Want to Keep Your Customers Forever?†Harvard Business Review. pp. 105-114 Pires, G., Stanton, J. & Rita, P. (2006) â€Å"The Internet, Consumer Empowerment, and Marketing Strategies†. European Journal of Marketing. Vol. 40 9/10 pp. 936-949 Rossiter J. (2001) â€Å"What is marketing knowledgeStage 1: Forms of marketing knowledge†. Marketing Theory. Vol. 1 pp. 9-26 Woodall, T. (2001). â€Å"The Epistobabble Kid Rides Again: A Stephen Brown (Selective) Retrospective.†Marketing Review. Vol. 2 (2) pp.147.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
modems and connections essays
modems and connections essays The issues discussed here often overlook the very basic things you need to get a modem connection - if you've never used a modem, or you are doing a new installation, you may want to seek more basic help and troubleshooting information first. There are MANY factors that affect modem connection speed. A 33.6 modem will rarely get 33.6 connections (it requires a very clean line and clean routing to the server modem); 28.8 and 26.4 are more common. Similarly, a 56k modem will rarely get 56k - most people are getting 42-49.3k; a lucky few are getting rates in the low to mid-50's. The large group that is getting no 56k, or rates below 40k is the focus here. Low (*40k) rates can indicate a digital impairment that is not correctly compensated for by modem firmware. It can also be related to the quality of your modem and premises telephone wiring. Other devices (phones, answering machines, fax, etc.) plugged in to the same line (even though not in use) can also cause lower speeds. If the im pairment is at the ISP or specific to the routing to that ISP, you may be able to get higher rates calling other #s (ISPs). And problems can also be related to the type of equipment and firmware in the modems you are calling. The way many of us use modems has changed dramatically in the last few years: Today, the vast majority of our connections are to a single local ISP access number as opposed to calling many (local and toll) BBS and information providers. Effective troubleshooting must isolate the problem, and part of my approach calls for checking connections with as many servers as possible. As used herein, 56k refers to dial-up modems operating faster than v.34 rates. V.34 allows up to 33.6k connections (although 33.6 is rare; 28.8 is the more common maximum you will get with v.34). The lowest Flex, x2 and V.90 rate is 28000 (most 56k modems will not connect at a lower than 32k initial rate before reverting to a v.34 connection). And before you ...
Monday, October 21, 2019
Illegal Immigration and the Economy essays
Illegal Immigration and the Economy essays Illegal immigration has become one of the key political issues of the 1990s, especially in border states such as California. The Bureau of the Census estimates that there are now 4 million illegal aliens living in the United States and that about 300,000 more settle permanently each year. Four million illegal immigrants is undeniably a large number of people, but it is far below the "invading army" of 8 million 10 million aliens regularly reported in the media and by anti-immigrant lobbyists. Illegal aliens constitute only about 1.5 percent of the 260 million people living in the United States. Myopic and xenophobic Americans were (and are) threatened by what they perceive as waves of "foreigners" invading the U.S. shores and taking jobs away from hardworking "real" Americans. The fact of the matter is that is simply not the case. In the 1980s concern about the surge of illegal aliens into the U.S. has led Congress to pass legislation aimed at curtailing illegal immigration. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 allows most illegal aliens who have resided in the U.S. continuously since January 1, 1982, to apply for legal status. In addition, the law prohibits employers from hiring illegal aliens and mandates penalties for violations. Most illegal immigrants come to the United States in search of employment, not to go on welfare, as many anti-immigration politicians and activists would claim. For many years federal officials have attempted to deter illegal immigration by denying undocumented aliens access to the U.S. job market. In 1986 Congress passed the "employer sanctions" provision of the Immigration Reform and Control Act. Employer sanctions made it a crime for employers to knowingly hire illegal aliens. Business owners who fail to comply with the law and knowingly hire illegal immigrants can face thousands of dollars in fines and, in the severest cases, prison sentences. Immigration raises the cost of publ...
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Phases of the Bacterial Growth Curve
Phases of the Bacterial Growth Curve Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that most commonly replicate by the asexual process of binary fission. These microbes reproduce rapidly at an exponential rate under favorable conditions. When grown in culture, a predictable pattern of growth in a bacterial population occurs. This pattern can be graphically represented as the number of living cells in a population over time and is known as a bacterial growth curve. Bacterial growth cycles in a growth curve consist of four phases: lag, exponential (log), stationary, and death. Key Takeaways: Bacterial Growth Curve The bacterial growth curve represents the number of live cells in a bacterial population over a period of time.There are four distinct phases of the growth curve: lag, exponential (log), stationary, and death.The initial phase is the lag phase where bacteria are metabolically active but not dividing.The exponential or log phase is a time of exponential growth.In the stationary phase, growth reaches a plateau as the number of dying cells equals the number of dividing cells.The death phase is characterized by an exponential decrease in the number of living cells. Bacteria require certain conditions for growth, and these conditions are not the same for all bacteria. Factors such as oxygen, pH, temperature, and light influence microbial growth. Additional factors include osmotic pressure, atmospheric pressure, and moisture availability. A bacterial populations generation time, or time it takes for a population to double, varies between species and depends on how well growth requirements are met. Phases of the Bacterial Growth Cycle The bacterial growth curve represents the number of living cells in a population over time. Michal Komorniczak/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 3.0 In nature, bacteria do not experience perfect environmental conditions for growth. As such, the species that populate an environment change over time. In a laboratory, however, optimal conditions can be met by growing bacteria in a closed culture environment. It is under these conditions that the curve pattern of bacterial growth can be observed. The bacterial growth curve represents the number of live cells in a bacterial population over a period of time. Lag Phase: This initial phase is characterized by cellular activity but not growth. A small group of cells are placed in a nutrient rich medium that allows them to synthesize proteins and other molecules necessary for replication. These cells increase in size, but no cell division occurs in the phase.Exponential (Log) Phase: After the lag phase, bacterial cells enter the exponential or log phase. This is the time when the cells are dividing by binary fission and doubling in numbers after each generation time. Metabolic activity is high as DNA, RNA, cell wall components, and other substances necessary for growth are generated for division. It is in this growth phase that antibiotics and disinfectants are most effective as these substances typically target bacteria cell walls or the protein synthesis processes of DNA transcription and RNA translation.Stationary Phase: Eventually, the population growth experienced in the log phase begins to decline as the available nutrients become depl eted and waste products start to accumulate. Bacterial cell growth reaches a plateau, or stationary phase, where the number of dividing cells equal the number of dying cells. This results in no overall population growth. Under the less favorable conditions, competition for nutrients increases and the cells become less metabolically active. Spore forming bacteria produce endospores in this phase and pathogenic bacteria begin to generate substances (virulence factors) that help them survive harsh conditions and consequently cause disease. Death Phase: As nutrients become less available and waste products increase, the number of dying cells continues to rise. In the death phase, the number of living cells decreases exponentially and population growth experiences a sharp decline. As dying cells lyse or break open, they spill their contents into the environment making these nutrients available to other bacteria. This helps spore producing bacteria to survive long enough for spore production. Spores are able to survive the harsh conditions of the death phase and become growing bacteria when placed in an environment that supports life. Bacterial Growth and Oxygen Campylobacter jejuni, shown here, is a microaerophilic organism requiring reduced levels of oxygen. C. jejuni is the bacterium which causes gastroenteritis. Henrik Sorensen/The Image Bank/Getty Images Bacteria, like all living organisms, require an environment that is suitable for growth. This environment must meet several different factors that support bacterial growth. Such factors include oxygen, pH, temperature, and light requirements. Each of these factors may be different for different bacteria and limit the types of microbes that populate a particular environment. Bacteria can be categorized based on their oxygen requirement or tolerance levels. Bacteria that can not survive without oxygen are known as obligate aerobes. These microbes are dependent upon oxygen, as they convert oxygen to energy during cellular respiration. Unlike bacteria that require oxygen, other bacteria can not live in its presence. These microbes are called obligate anaerobes and their metabolic processes for energy production are halted in the presence of oxygen. Other bacteria are facultative anaerobes and can grow with or without oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, they utilize either fermentation or anaerobic respiration for energy production. Aerotolerant anerobes utilize anaerobic respiration but are not harmed in the presence of oxygen. Microaerophilic bacteria require oxygen but only grow where oxygen concentration levels are low. Campylobacter jejuni is an example of a microaerophilic bacterium that lives in the digestive tract of animals and is a major cause of foodborne illness in humans. Bacterial Growth and pH Helicobacter pylori are microaerophilic bacteria found in the stomach. They are neutrophiles that secrete an enzyme that neutralizes stomach acid. Science Picture Co/Getty Images Another important factor for bacterial growth is pH. Acidic environments have pH values that are less that 7, neutral environments have values at or near 7, and basic environments have pH values greater than 7. Bacteria that are acidophiles thrive in areas where the pH is less than 5, with an optimal growth value close to a pH of 3. These microbes can be found in locations such as hot springs and in the human body in acidic areas such as the vagina. The majority of bacteria are neutrophiles and grow best in sites with pH values close to 7. Helicobacter pylori is an example of a neutrophile that lives in the acidic environment of the stomach. This bacterium survives by secreting an enzyme that neutralizes stomach acid in the surrounding area. Alkaliphiles grow optimally at pH ranges between 8 and 10. These microbes thrive in basic environments such as alkaline soils and lakes. Bacterial Growth and Temperature New Zealands Champagne Pool is a hot spring that contains a community of thermophilic and acidophilic microorganisms whose distribution relates to the temperature and chemical environment. Simon Hardenne/Biosphoto/Getty Images Temperature is another important factor for bacterial growth. Bacteria that grow best in cooler environments are called psycrophiles. These microbes prefer temperatures ranging between 4 °C and 25 °C (39 °F and 77 °F). Extreme psycrophiles thrive in temperatures below 0 °C/32 °F and can be found in places such as arctic lakes and deep ocean waters. Bacteria that thrive in moderate temperatures (20-45 °C/68-113 °F) are called mesophiles. These include bacteria that are part of the human microbiome which experience optimum growth at or near body temperature (37 °C/98.6 °F). Thermophiles grow best in hot temperatures (50-80 °C/122-176 °F) and can be found in hot springs and geothermal soils. Bacteria that favor extremely hot temperatures (80 °C-110 °C/122-230 °F) are called hyperthermophiles. Bacterial Growth and Light Cyanobacteria (blue) are photosynthesizing bacteria that are found in most habitats where water is present. Several spores (pink) are also seen. Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library/Getty Images Some bacteria require light for growth. These microbes have light-capturing pigments that are able to gather light energy at certain wavelengths and convert it to chemical energy. Cyanobacteria are examples of photoautotrophs that require light for photosynthesis. These microbes contain the pigment chlorophyll for light absorption and oxygen production through photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria live in both land and aquatic environments and can also exist as phytoplankton living in symbiotic relationships with fungi (lichen), protists, and plants. Other bacteria, such as purple and green bacteria, do not produce oxygen and utilize sulfide or sulfur for photosynthesis. These bacteria contain bacteriochlorophyll, a pigment capable of absorbing shorter wavelengths of light than chlorophyll. Purple and green bacteria inhabit deep aquatic zones. Sources Jurtshuk, Peter. Bacterial Metabolism. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1996, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7919/. Parker, Nina, et al. Microbiology. OpenStax, Rice University, 2017.Preiss, et al. Alkaliphilic Bacteria with Impact on Industrial Applications, Concepts of Early Life Forms, and Bioenergetics of ATP Synthesis. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Frontiers, 10 May 2015, www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2015.00075/full.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 11
Employment Law - Essay Example erms and conditions.2 It is important that businesses in the process of reorganization work within the permitted parameters of TUPE otherwise, there are significant opportunities for litigation arising out of employee complaints.3 While the managers are purporting to simply reorganize the business, this organization involves changes that are consistent with the definition of transfer of undertaking within the meaning of TUPE. Regulation 3(b) provides that TUPE applies to situations in which service provisions are changed.4 Therefore subcontracting and outsourcing will apply as they are situations in which service provisions are changed. In fact it was held in Fairhurst Ward Abbotts Limited v Botes Building Limited and others that where a contract for maintenance was split between two entities, it amounted to a transfer within the meaning of TUPE.5 Therefore even if the subcontracting only transfers out a part of the service, it would be considered a transfer of undertakings under TUPE. There are legal consequences for the business since the subcontracting and outsourcing is covered by TUPE. Regulation 7 of TUPE provides that where a transfer within the meaning of TUPE has the effect of terminating the services of an employee, that termination will be treated as unfair dismissal, unless the transfer is for an â€Å"economic, technical or organizational reason entailing changes in the workforce.†6 The effect of Regulation 7 of TUPE is to ensure that the rights of employees are protected in cases where undertakings effecting their employment are transferred.7 It therefore follows that if an employee’s job is lost to outsourcing or subcontracting, that loss is automatically unfair dismissal. Subcontractors and others to whom services from the business are outsourced may be reluctant to take on these contracts and jobs since there is a risk of litigation for unfair dismissal. In fact, the business will also be liable for unfair dismissal. Managers will also
Friday, October 18, 2019
Stylistic analysis and history in art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Stylistic analysis and history in art - Essay Example Legon claims, â€Å"The Egyptian canon of art was metrological founded through the system of horizontal guidelines that established the canonical forms†(Legon Web). The most appealing nature of the image that looks Egyptian to me is the choice of colour. The colours used in the image are a true reflection of Egyptian artwork. â€Å"Cannon of art†refers to classification of art by early historians. This early classification still has its influence in the naming of today’s art. In the topic "Discrimination in the Arts in America," â€Å"Cannon of art†is present. The early historians in America supported hierarchies of race due to the alleged evidence from the book of Genesis chapter nine in the bible. Noah blessed his son, Shem who covered him of his nakedness when he was drunk and cursed Canaan, Japheth was blessed to expand. Christian fundamentalists believed in the three races, White representing Japheth who was to expand to other nations. They justified slavery of Africans on this and believed that the whites should take the highest positions that existed. The cannon of art for Americans had a background of racism, which many art historians represented in their work. They did this via colour since the three different races had three distinct colours; white, yellow, and black. My choice of a retablo is the painting of Virgin Mary by Frida Kahlo made in Mexico. Like most of the retablos made during the 18th century, the Virgin Mary retablo was made in honour of the Catholic saints (Castro-Sethness 21-23). Virgin Mary is one of the most honoured spiritual personalities in the Catholic Church in prehistoric times and even at present. The most important learning from the Virgin Mary retablo is that the people who existed in the period in which the retablo was made had a significant connection to the church (Nolan 15-20). Most notably, they valued the saints and therefore, preferred preserving their images in form
If Barack Obama Was Assasinated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
If Barack Obama Was Assasinated - Essay Example Several newspapers have all brought up the idea that "A violent dispatching of Obama would leave the road to the White House paved for McCain, with Mexico and the rest of the world having to deal with four more years of Republican nightmare"(WorldMeetsUs). And there is certainly some truth behind this. At the current standings Hillary trails Obama in both the pledged delegate vote and the super delegate vote, and it seems that he support may be waning with the leave of her head officer in the past few days as well. And beside her Democratic fan base, nobody knows jus though well she would do in the general election. Comparing Obama to both Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcom X, there is a strong case made that any black politician that events so strongly into society is eventual taken care of. Who is to say the same couldn't happen to Obama. That leaves one to assume that if Obama was assassinated we would see a Republican White House again, something that many people sure don't want t o see again, and it would utterly defeat Hillary in the general election. Civil rights would then jump to the forefront of American life and become a full fledged problem again. Some people feel it would cause such an uprising in fact, that the situation " escalate into an all out civil race war. This will result in marshal law and the national guard will be deployed. "escalate into an all out civil race war. This will result in marshal law and the national guard will be deployed(GNN Tv). And this certainly seems like a probable reaction. Mass riots would break out, and the pot will have boiled over again, causing all racial tensions in the United States to bring us into a state of personal racial warfare. Some even fear that total extremes could be reached, and that the situation could end up with people seeing "guerilla warfare with black leaders and white leaders taking law into there own hands. Anyone and everyone has a gun these days and they will be used. Prisons are ultra full of black men that will riot and kill any white inmates and this will req uire more effort by the National guard and local authorities to contain leaving our streets vulnerable. People will try to leave the US but other countries will seal their borders for fear of a mass US migration. Power plants, factories, stores, and financial institutions will close out of fear of racial attacks. People will be cold, hungry and possibly homeless as the National Guard and guerilla groups take over cities and kill or imprison opposing parties. I believe you will see atrocities that will rival that of Hitler's concentration camps, and it will all be in high definition courtesy of our media which will further infuriate and feed the panic"(gnn Tv). And that ultimate result of war is not something we want to see happen, but is all too real a result if Obama was assassinated. The racism that would spring up around the assassination of Obama would be absolute, and could thrust the United States into even a possible second Civil War, again fueled by racial tensions. Noble Prize Winner Doris Lessing even echoed that she felt it was certain that he would be killed. ""He would probably not last long, a black man in the position of president. They would kill him",
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Overview of a Luxury Fashion Brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Overview of a Luxury Fashion Brand - Essay Example This paper "Overview of a Luxury Fashion Brand" looks at one Burberry as a luxury brand that has been successful despite the challenges that have existed in the fashion market. In this paper an overview of Burberry is given based on its success in the industry. The brand has been outstanding and is defined by the Britishness, independent luxury positioning and heritage as well as history. Compared to other brands in the fashion industry such as Prada, Zara and Ralph Lauren, the brand has been doing fairly well. Burberry is a distinctive global luxury brand that was founded in 1856. The group has a British background. Over the years the company has built a strong and outstanding reputation for innovation, design, and craftsmanship. The group has much focus on outwear, best known for its trench coats. The company designs, produces as well as sell products under the Burberry brand. The company based in London sources its raw materials from UK and other external suppliers it forms networ k with. The content of marketing as well as marketing programs; analogue and digital, are internally designed to promote the brand and product features to the consumers. Being that its products are sold globally through proprietary retail shops as well as third party wholesale customers, the brand needs a strong fashion marketing strategy to counter the competition in the fashion world. Marketing is in fact one of the core corporate functions that keeps the brand at par. The brand has also embraced digital marketing.
The chunnel project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words
The chunnel project - Essay Example The Chunnel Project case study has been structured in such a way that it is possible for one to carry out an evaluation of the project management methods as well as the various process that have been used in the project. This study actually makes an inclusive coverage of the various project management areas as catered for by the four project phases of inception, development, implementation and closeout (Anbari et al 12). So as to guarantee better management control- characterized by appropriate links to the performing organization’s ongoing operations, the institution (organization) or even the project managers can split the project into various phases. En masse, these phases are what are commonly referred to as the project life cycle (Anbari et al 15). Notably, it is the project lifecycle which is obliged with the definition of the phases connecting the commencement of a project to its completion. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that phases are ordinarily sequential and are at the same time defined by certain precise forms of technical information transfer. Alternatively, the phases may be so defined by technical component handoff. Despite the fact that majority of life cycles have shared phase names with like deliverables, only countable of the life cycles are identical. While some of them have four-if not five- phases, there are those having over nine phases (Anbari et al 19). As mentioned in an earlier paragraph, the Chunnel Project case study avails a discussion of the four project phases as will be discussed and evaluated in the preceding paragraphs. Inception phase The initial scope of the Chunnel, in the Inception phase, was constructing a fixed transportation link between the two countries; England and France. Through this transport link, it was expected that economic development will be spurred, European trade boosted as well as avail an alternative high-speed mode of transportation to the existing ones, including ferries, boats and planes. Th e Channel Tunnel Group/France Manche (which later re-branded to Eurotunnel) was the company that worn the 1986 project to create a 51.5 KM double-rail tunnel between England and France. This tunnel was to accommodate not only through-trains, but also special car-and-truck-carrying shuttle trains. The project had been cost at USD 5.5 billion (Anbari et al 3). Problems Viewed from a project management angle, both the high-level design and the corresponding rough-order-of-magnitude approximations may have been apposite. Nonetheless, there was no ample time provided for the completion of the detailed design studies that would have pinpointed the necessity of air conditioning within the tunnel thus bracketing in a USD 200 million increments not included in the very initial scope (Anbari et al 4).
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Overview of a Luxury Fashion Brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Overview of a Luxury Fashion Brand - Essay Example This paper "Overview of a Luxury Fashion Brand" looks at one Burberry as a luxury brand that has been successful despite the challenges that have existed in the fashion market. In this paper an overview of Burberry is given based on its success in the industry. The brand has been outstanding and is defined by the Britishness, independent luxury positioning and heritage as well as history. Compared to other brands in the fashion industry such as Prada, Zara and Ralph Lauren, the brand has been doing fairly well. Burberry is a distinctive global luxury brand that was founded in 1856. The group has a British background. Over the years the company has built a strong and outstanding reputation for innovation, design, and craftsmanship. The group has much focus on outwear, best known for its trench coats. The company designs, produces as well as sell products under the Burberry brand. The company based in London sources its raw materials from UK and other external suppliers it forms networ k with. The content of marketing as well as marketing programs; analogue and digital, are internally designed to promote the brand and product features to the consumers. Being that its products are sold globally through proprietary retail shops as well as third party wholesale customers, the brand needs a strong fashion marketing strategy to counter the competition in the fashion world. Marketing is in fact one of the core corporate functions that keeps the brand at par. The brand has also embraced digital marketing.
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
LEARY ENG 105 PAPER 2 RITUAL ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
LEARY ENG 105 PAPER 2 RITUAL ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Even to those without a slight idea of the lyrics to the song, but having the tune with them, singing to the song becomes fun, interesting, and captivating. Equipped with adjustable light, the heart broken singer could opt to sing for the moment in a dimly lit room, or bright room. Over time, the meaning of the light has changed, where dimly lit or darkness signifies the intentions of ending the relationship. A brightly lit room, despite the singer singing his lout to the lost relationship, signifies a hopeful rejoinder. Thus, as the boys sing, they express their wishes about their sour relationship. Typically, a normal Chinese teenage relationship involves fantasies, dreams, and ambitions. Some of the very serious relationships ironically have even marriage proposals, with the partners expressing deep desires of settling down. However, few, if any survive through the teenage period, characterized by adventures and numerous crushes. Without adequacy in the definition of periods when the modern Chinese boys and girls can date, many boys find themselves in this booth. Whenever a relationship hits the rocks, the affected boy, unifying with his closest friends, takes to the booth to sing for his gone love. The music, meant to heal the wound, takes the form of sad love songs, ones that commemorate the day. Some however opt for the songs they used to sing to their girlfriends when in the relationship, honoring the person and the chance they had to love them. Although this ritual convey a sense of femininity, it actually offer a space for boys to ignore strict gender code and emotional abreact their anger and fragility. To the young men, singing sad songs in KTV is representative of their softy selves, a different form of masculinity in these men. The use of the Karaoke TV to the Chinese boys liberates them from the traditional concept of recovery, involving silence, subsequently redefining
Monday, October 14, 2019
The Earth Hour Script Essay Example for Free
The Earth Hour Script Essay Host1: Our country has been through a lot of problems both economically and environmentally. And sadly there hasn’t been any progress. Problems before are still problems today and what’s worse is that it just keeps on piling up. Host2: As citizens of this country, what can we do? How do we contribute? Is there still hope? Is change still possible? Good day everyone and you’re watching, Both: The Earth Hour. Host1: Today we would be discussing three environmental issues. First, the improper waste disposal; second, pollution; and third is climate change. Host2: And we will be having guests and professionals. They will explain the causes and as well as the effects these problems may bring. All of these when The Earth Hour returns. Host1: And we’re back. One major problem that all of us, I’m sure, is well aware of is improper waste disposal. And right here, we’ve got Mr. Joseph San Juan, a professor of Environmental Psychology in UP Diliman and Ms. Therez Subebe, an environmentalist. Good day, sir and ma’am! Both: Good day! Host2: Let’s start this straight, Mr. San Juan, what exactly is improper waste disposal? Joseph: Improper waste disposal is the failure of managing and monitoring of waste materials such as plastics and even biodegradable wastes like left-overs. Host1: How did this problem start in our country? Joseph: The alarming increase of improper disposal of solid and hazardous waste in our country is due to a number of reasons such as: increasing population, by this, we are consuming, we produce wastes, I mean, it is already given that when we were born we were bound to contribute waste. It’s unavoidable. That’s the sad fact. Other reasons are lack of integrated solid waste management system, lack of environmentally sound disposal system and lack of toxic waste treatment facilities. There is also the lack of public awareness support. People today just throw candy wrappers, tin cans and plastic bottles on the streets. They toss still usable plastic bags anywhere not even realizing how much it contributes to our already enormous problem on Waste Disposal. They continue to improperly dispose garbage because they are not educated about what might be the effects of their wrong doing. Host2: Given that it is getting worse what are the effects of this problem to the people, Ms. Subebe? Therez: Well, obviously, there are no positive effects. Its effects are purely negative. The spread of infectious diseases due to improperly dumped chemical wastes from factories, soil contamination, and floods due to garbage-clogged drainage are only some of the many serious effects of improper Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal. Host1: Oh my, I really didn’t know that it is so bad. Anyway, we have a question from an audience. Okay, what’s your name? Lari: Hi, I’m Lari. It is obvious that we should act regarding this issue, so what steps must be taken? Are there any laws and regulations for it? What programs must be launched? Joseph: uhhhhm, thank you for that, our country has had laws about proper waste management. There is this law REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003 which is â€Å"AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES†, only that this was not implemented well. Certain programs have been launched as well and two of the famous program are the triple R (reduce, reuse and recycle) and proper waste disposal. Host2: Do you mind telling our viewers how these programs work? Therez: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle is a program introduced in response to the increasing tons of wastes in our country. Reducing is simply to decrease the amount of plastics we use every day. Reusing, from the world itself, is using again trash that are still usable like plastic and paper bags and Recycle is the processing and upgrading of junk into something more for human use. Another program is Proper waste disposal which minimizes the spread of infectious diseases brought by hazardous odors of chemical wastes. In line with this program is Segregation where you separate biodegradable and non-biodegradable garbage. Another is composting which is the process where biodegradable wastes such as leaves, saw dust, peel of the fruits/vegetables, are placed in a tank or a hole. It lessens the possibility of contamination not only in air, land, but as well as in ground water. Host1: Thank you very much. Uhm, Lari, were you satisfied with their answers? Lari: Yes. They’ve answered it beautifully. Thank you. Host2: Thank you as well Lari. And thank you to our guests for lending us their precious time. Both: You’re welcome. Host1: We still got lots of issues to talk about when The Earth Hour returns. Host2: And you’re still watching The Earth Hour. And for our second issue for the day, air pollution, we are with Ms. Fenee Monicado, a LIFE ambassadress and Ms. Athena Aungon, a pulmonologist, to talk about it. Good day Ms. Fenee and Ms. Athena. Both: Hello. Host1: Well, Ms. Fenee, you’re a LIFE ambassadress, would you tell us what LIFE stands for? What does your organization aim for? Fenee: LIFE or the Lasallian Institute for the Environment, as part of the Lasallian Family, aims to provide environmental education and awareness not only to the Lasallian community but non-Lasallians as well. We aim to help them not only to love and appreciate the environment, but also to understand and take care of it as well. LIFE strives to provide education with values formation. The organization envisions a society of people who not only love their environment but understand and respect it as well. Host2: Wow! Being a Lasallian is surely something to be proud of, right? Well, what does the organization have to say about pollution? Fenee: You see, we have our programs launched. One is, 1 Million Trees Beyond, serves to provide a venue for more pro-active responses to environmental issues through tree-planting activities and reforestation programs that promote the propagation and caring for indigenous species. The goal is to plant and nurture one million trees by the year 2011. Another is Project Carbon Neutral which means removing as much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as we put in. Both these programs are solutions for pollution particularly pollution in the air. Host1: Speaking of air pollution, what causes it? Fenee: Air pollution occurs when any chemicals or biological matter that can harm humans or other living things is introduced into the atmosphere. It is a problem that persists despite the passage of laws and the creation of agencies to fight it. Air pollution continues to cause negative effects on both people and the environment. Host2: Somebody from the audience wanted to ask something. Hi there, what’s your name? Karl: Hello, I’m Karl and I just wanted to ask what might be the effects of air pollution to our body and to our country? Athena: To our body it would be respiratory damage just like the lungs, most of the respiratory system is made up of exposed membrane, which makes it sensitive to pollutants, and alveoliair sacsin the lungs can be permanently damaged by toxins in the air. Some conditions that can be traced to, or made considerably worse by, breathing polluted air are colds, coughs, asthma, lung infections and lung cancer. There is also the smog. Though smog is sometimes described as a combination of smoke and fog, it is actually a mixture of pollutants and ground-level ozone. The pollutants that help make smog come mostly from vehicle emissions, factories, power plants and consumer products like paint and solvents. Smog can cause problems such as respiratory ailments, reduced visibility, and damage to vegetation, colds, and eye irritation. Fenee: Air pollution has effects also in our crops and property. Acid rain is rain that contains much higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. Some of this comes from natural sources, such as decaying vegetation and volcanoes, but most of it comes from emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide from the burning of fossil fuels. The effects of acid rain on the physical environment are drastic. Acid rain damages trees at high elevations, and erodes paints and building materials. Acid rain also eats away automobile coatings, weakens trees by limiting their nutrients, and results in high levels of aluminuma substance that is toxic to aquatic lifein lakes and streams. And besides health and environmental effects, air pollution can also adversely affect the economy. With rising health problems among the population, health care costs rise. With air pollution causing illnesses among people in the workforce, time and productivity are lost. Areas of the world with high air pollution, such as the Philippines, also often report a drop in tourism and a loss of foreign investments. Host1: karl, what can you say? Karl: Now I know how harmful air pollution can be. Thank you for explaining. Host2: Very well, we’re really thankful that you’ve come to our show. Thank you. Both: â€Å"You’re welcome†â€Å"No worries†Host2: The last issue when we come back here on The Earth Hour. Host1: And we’re back here on The Earth Hour. Climate change has been the biggest issue prior to Global Warming. And talk more about this; we have Ms. Jaylen Saluria, a climatologist and Ms. Febe Ray Antolo, a meteorologist. Welcome to The Earth Hour. Jaylen: It’s good to be here. Febe: It’s my pleasure. Host2: So, climate change, what exactly is it? Jaylen: Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions or the distribution of events around that average. Climate change may be limited to a specific region or may occur across the whole Earth. Host2: How about our condition here in the Philippines? Are we affected? Jaylen: Sad to say but we are affected, we are all affected, you see, it is a global phenomenon. It is evident on the abnormal change in weather. Hot days and hot nights have become more frequent. Extreme weather events have also occurred more frequently since 1980. These include deadly and damaging typhoons, floods, landslides, severe El Nià ±o and La Nià ±a events, drought, and forest fires. Adversely affected sectors include agriculture, fresh water, coastal and marine resources and health. Climate change, if left unchecked, will also affect biodiversity and ultimately the earths natural systems and processes. Host1: Can you give us updates on how our country is doing regarding climate change? Febe: The Philippines has experienced temperature spikes brought about by climate change. It has been observed that warming is experienced most in the northern and southern regions of the country, while Metro Manila has warmed less than most parts. In addition, the regions that have warmed the most (northern Luzon, Mindanao) have also dried the most. Largest precipitation trends are about 10 percent during the 20th century. Host2: And uhhmmm, we have Jesse here, an audience, she has something to ask. Go on, Jesse. Jesse: Hi, I’m just curious, is there anything we can do to eliminate climate change? I mean, to stop it. Jaylen: Well, it might hurt everybody but there is nothing we can do to stop it. But what we can do is to leave it as it is, if not, slow it down and not add up to it. You know what I mean? Jesse: I think so. That’s very unlucky though. So, what must we do? Febe: Ultimately it is up to each of us, as individuals and families, to take action to slow down and eventually reverse global warming and climate change through everyday awareness of our energy use, and attention to ways we can conserve electricity and minimize fossil fuel usage. Jesse: I’ll do that then. Thank you for answering. Host1: Thank you Jesse and a big thank you as well to our special guests, Ms. Jaylen and Ms. Febe. Both: â€Å"You’re welcome†â€Å"Anytime†Host2: And that’s it our dear viewers. Surely, you have learned a lot. We now know what to do in order to contribute to the change of our country. Everything starts within each of us. Host1: Thank you for watching until next time and this has been, Both: â€Å"The Earth Hourâ€
Sunday, October 13, 2019
English :: essays research papers fc
For years, Division I athletes have been pouring their hearts out day after day, week after week, to protect the pride and tradition of their universities. With television contracts and shoe deals alone, the athletes are really bringing in the money and other forms of revenue. Sure, you can say that the typical athletes scholarship is enough to compensate, but are they? A true athlete plays the game simply because he loves it. When you’re at the Division I level of sports, it is more or less a business and it is their job to make money for the school. Also, these athletes give up many freedoms. For a given number of hours per week, they give their blood, sweat, and tears just to play a sixty-minute game or run two times around a track. Take these factors and combine it with the athlete’s academic responsibilities, and it’s a lot to account for. When all is said and done, how much money does the athlete see? Well, aside from scholarships†¦zero. I mentioned earlier that intercollegiate athletics is more or less a business in itself. Let me break it down for you. A business has different departments; the owner, the management, and your employees at the bottom rung making everything run smoothly. The owners of course have provided the money for the company, the managers run the company, and the laborers perform the work. I’ve never heard of a business that doesn’t pay its employees. And of course no one would work for them if such a thing did exist. Most people think that an athlete should just be thankful for the education he receives in exchange for a few hours of practice. But an enormous amount of cash is being circulated within that school, at the athlete’s expense, which that athlete will never lay eyes on. Author and sports writer Steven Wulf says, â€Å"They are required to put in long hours of hard work for next to nothing, in hostile conditions, always under intense scrutiny of their bosses†. (Wulf) Of course this is a controversial topic, and there are obviously two sides to this argument: a side for and a side against the argument. â€Å"It is true that student-athletes aren’t your typical college students. They are unable to deposit that measly check most us work toward outside academic duties. Time and physical constraints do not allow these individuals living in a fish bowl to actively pursue a part-time job.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
The Chryslids - Plausible :: The Chrysalids
The Chryslids - Plausible  â€Å"The Chrysalids†by John Wyndham is an entertaining yet plausible story. It compels the reader to think about human nature and our attitude to the world around us that we often take for granted. The setting of â€Å"The Chrysalids† is several hundred years after a nuclear war. What is left of civilization is a few small towns here and there all over the countries of the world.  The population is by the leadership what the â€Å"true image†is apparently meant to be. If you are not of the true image then you are sent to live in the fringes. Many people and animals are born with birth defects caused by the nuclear radioactivity that is still present from the nuclear destruction of previous years. The population that is considered of the â€Å"true image†are cruel to the â€Å"freaks†or â€Å"mutants†. Some of the people in the novel are also very bigoted like David’s father. He thinks he is the king of the castle and can’t be wrong. If he says something it should happen like where he has an argument with the inspector about the giant horses or when he burnt that families cat because it didn’t have a tail eg â€Å"It is your moral duty to issue an order against these so called horses!!†Various people including David’s father all agree that deviants are from the devil and should be castrated or thrown out of society. Another thing is that people are forced to agree with the laws and if they don’t they are also thrown from society where they would either be killed or spend the rest of their miserable lives in the sloughs of the fringe people. Their attitude towards the world is OK I suppose. They don’t really use that much of the worlds resources in Waknuk or any of the other little towns around. They don’t need to think about how much longer the supplies of these materials are going to last because all that they are using at the moment is trees, which they seem to have plenty of, and water which they get from wells and rivers. There food they grow or hunt and cook and bake things over open fires I would assume.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Ethical Dilemmas of an Attorney
Ethical Dilemma's of an Attorney Gina Boldt ADJ 235 March 22, 2013 John Ellison Ethical Dilemma's of an Attorney The three major ethical dilemmas faced by a defense attorney are client perjury, delivery of physical evidence and the disclosure of prior convictions (Boldt, 2013). They are bound to provide thieir client with courage and devotion (Pollock, 2012, 2010). This dilemma, at times, tries the attorneys personal morals and ethics, though, once again, the protection of the defendant overrules all. They must also refrain from taking any case that presents a conflict of interest with said client.Though there are times that plea bargaining is in the best interest of the defendant, this process can be misused as a conveinence, this would be an example of ethical conflict. In order to provide such a fierce and devoted defense, the attorney must not engage is such practices as pergury and corruption to aid a positive outcome for their client. Many of these obligations are quite similar and relate to both a prosecuting and defense attorney, such as confidentiality, attorney-client privelage, the handling of evidence and the responsibility of maintaining the safety of others.The ethical obligations of a prosecuting attorney is to seek truth and justice, However, this singular responsibility insures several ethical burdens. The duties of this position are to indict as many criminals as possible and maintain justice within our system. With this responsibility comes many opportunities to step into the unethical realm of practice in order to secure prosecution. The obligation of this profession, once again, can test an individuals strength and inner morals. The key is to maintian honesty and intergrity and to set aside all personal beliefs, though this may not be the easiest, it is the only way to ensure justice.
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